Nonlinear statistical mechanics drives intrinsic electrostriction and volumetric torque in polymer networks

Statistical mechanics is an important tool for understanding polymer electroelasticity because the elasticity of polymers primarily due to entropy. However, a common approach statistical chains, Gaussian chain approximation, misses key physics. By considering nonlinearities problem, we show strong coupling between deformation and its dielectric response, that is, net dipole. When chains with this are cross linked in elastomer network electric field applied, breaks symmetry elastomer's elastic properties and, combined electrostatic torque incompressibility, leads intrinsic electrostriction. Conversely, can break leading volumetric asymmetric actuation. Both phenomena have implications designing high-efficiency soft actuators electroactive materials, presence mechanisms torque, particular, be used develop higher degree freedom achieve bioinspired locomotion.